In Response: A Discussion of Bulimia as a Masturbatory Equivalent

My research and that of my colleagues in the psychodynamic cause, structure and treatment of patients with bulimic anorexia nervosa correlates with and confirms the hypotheses presented by Levin ( 1) that bulimic symptoms may represent a masturbatory equivalent. In our recently published book, Fear of Being Fat: The Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia (2) we confirmed Sperling\u27s findings (3) that unresolved preoedipal fixations to the mother contribute to difficulties in psychosexual development and that anorexic girls and boys displace sexual and masturbatory conflicts from the genitals to the mouth

Eddy genesis and transformation of Stokes flow in a double-lid-driven cavity. Part 2: deep cavities

This paper extends an earlier work [1] on the development of eddies in rectangular cavities driven by two moving lids. The streamfunction describing Stokes flow in such cavities is expressed as a series of Papkovich-Faddle eigenfunctions. The focus here is deep cavities, i.e. those with large height-to-width aspect ratios, where multiple eddies arise. The aspect ratio of the fully developed eddies is found computationally to be 1.38 > 0.05, which is in close agreement with that obtained from Moffatt's [2] analysis of the decay of a disturbance between infinite stationary parallel plates. Extended control space diagrams for both negative and positive lid speed ratios are presented, and show that the pattern of bifurcation curves seen previously in the single-eddy cavity is repeated at higher aspect ratios, but with a shift in the speed ratio. Several special speed ratios are also identified for which the flow in one or more eddies becomes locally symmetric, resulting in locally symmetric bifurcation curves. By superposing two semi-infinite cavities and using the constant velocity damping factor found by Moffatt, a simple model of a finite multiple-eddy cavity is constructed and used to explain both the repetition of bifurcation patterns and the local symmetries. The speed ratios producing partial symmetry in the cavity are shown to be integer powers of Moffatt's velocity damping factor

A Review of Ethnopsychiatric Studies of Depression

One of the common goals in medical anthropology is to elucidate the significance of culture in determining health and thus clarify the complex biopsychosocial model to provide better, more appropriate care (I). Prominent among environmental influences is the society in which a person develops: and it is his position in this constellation of people, with their shared ethos and world view, which molds experience, cognition, and affect (2). Cultural meanings, norms, and power arrangements shape illness to a great degree by defining the sick role and consequent illness behaviors. Medical anthropology, as a discipline, has among its concerns the cultural content of health and illness behaviors: it includes studies of how social experiences define sickness and shape ideas of disease recognition and therapy (3) . Both physician and patient offer, either unconsciously or consciously, explanatory models of disease and expectations of the health care system which form a continuum ranging from full agreement to mutual disregard (4). These observations spring from a cursory glance at even a single society and accumulate greater power when comparative cultural studies are involved, as is the case in cross-cultural psychiatry

The Use of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Idiopathic Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Case Study

Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) is an otologic emergency that can provoke anxiety in the patient and can be clinically challenging for the practitioner. The natural history of the condition can be as varied as its possible etiologies. Adding to the clinical challenge is the current debate of treatment modalities available. In what follows, we provide a case detailing our treatment course, including the novel use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) as an emerging therapy for sensorineural hearing loss. Additionally, we provide a brief review of the current state of treatment options available in the armament for ISSHL. As no identifying information is contained in our discussion, we believe the privacy of the patient has been protected and, as such, feel our manuscript is exempt from prior Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval

Effect of concentration on shear and extensional rheology of guar gum solutions

The steady shear and extensional rheology of aqueous guar gum solutions was studied for concentrations, C, ranging from 1 g/L to 20 g/L. Extensional rheometry measurements were made using the Cambridge Trimaster filament-stretching device. The steady shear tests indicated a transition between a semi-dilute regime, below 10 g/L, and an entangled regime at higher concentrations. The solutions were shear-thinning and obeyed the unmodified Cox–Merz rule in the dilute regime, but deviated from Cox–Merz and exhibited strongly viscoelastic behaviour at higher concentrations. The surface tension at higher concentration also deviated from the Szyszkowski model, exhibiting behaviour consistent with entanglement. The filament-thinning data did not fit the model for polymer solution behaviour presented by Entov and Hinch (1997), but gave a good fit to a modified form where time was normalised by the time for filament break-up. This scaling was independent of concentration effects, as reported by Chesterton, Meza, Moggridge, Sadd, and Wilson (2011) for cake batters. The modified model parameters approached asymptotic values for entangled solutions. The estimated apparent extensional viscosity exhibited a peak at unit strain followed by a constant value. The former increased as Cn, where n > 1, while the latter increased linearly with C.The authors acknowledge the financial support (POS-A/2012/116) from Xunta de Galicia’s Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria of Spain and European Union’s European Social Fund.This is the accepted manuscript version. The final published version of the article is available from Elsevier at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0268005X14000605

Effect of bubble volume fraction on the shear and extensional rheology of bubbly liquids based on guar gum (a Giesekus fluid) as continuous phase

The effect of air bubble volume fraction, ϕ, on the steady shear and extensional rheology of aqueous guar gum solutions was studied at 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.25 and gum concentrations of (i) 5° g/L and (ii) 10 g/L, corresponding to solutions in the (i) semi-dilute and (ii) entanglement regime. The rheological response of the fluids was largely independent of bubble size but strongly dependent on ϕ. The viscous and elastic moduli increased with increasing bubble volume fraction, with elastic dominance prevalent at the higher gum concentration. Extensional rheometry, investigated using filament stretching, revealed that the thinning dynamics of the liquid thread were affected by bubble size, but the filament rupture time was primarily dependent on ϕ. The rheological behaviour in both shear and extension could be modelled as a single mode Giesekus fluid, with a single set of parameters able to describe both the shear and extensional behaviour in the semi-dilute regime. In the entanglement regime the single mode Giesekus fluid could fit the shear data or the extensional data individually, but not both. The fitted Giesekus fluid model parameters exhibited a strong dependency on ϕ, offering a way to predict the flow behaviour of these complex food fluids.This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier in the Journal of Food Engineering (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0260877414003744)

A New Wave of the Overdose Epidemic arises during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Objective: The goal of this manuscript is to highlight the notoriety of the overdose epidemic which has been masked by the Coronavirus pandemic. Methods: A thorough literature review of PubMed and the latest statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was performed for the most relevant and updated data regarding overdose deaths. Conclusion: The global health crisis known as the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic collided with the opioid epidemic in March of 2020, with devastating consequences for the United States. By overwhelming the healthcare system, the pandemic impacted patients who require continued mental health services, treatment of chronic pain, and management of ongoing substance use disorder (SUD). Elective surgeries and in-person visits came to a halt, while society-wide priorities were diverted to the mitigation of the spread of COVID-19. Limitations in resources, increased social isolation, decreased access to care, and changes in the distribution of illicit fentanyl contributed to a “new wave” of the overdose opioid crisis. While the addiction crisis may have worsened the pandemic in some ways, undoubtedly, the COVID pandemic has fueled the overdose crisis. In 2020 and 2021, respectively, 91,799 and 106,699 people died from drug overdose deaths, substantial increases over the previous years Keywords COVID-19 Pandemic, opioid epidemic, chronic pain, substance use disorde